Glossary of Social Science
Social Sciences
My name is Léo and i am studying at the Cegep de Sherbrooke in Social Science. This is my second and last year in this program. Next year i will be at the University of Sherbrooke in Administration. My objective is to manage people personal finance. I want to work in the finance domain.This glossary is about my futur domain and what I am studying at the moment.
- Balloon payment loan
- Phrase
- A balloon payment is a large, single payment due at the end of a loan's term, resulting from smaller, regular payments during the loan that don't fully amortize (pay off) the principal, leaving a significant balance.
- Example: No example
- en: Prêt à remboursement forfaitaire
- Bankrupt
- adjective
- When a person or organization declared in law is unable to pay outstanding debts.
- Example: As a consequence, while wheat rots in the open in the north of the country, traders and food industry rely on imports, wheat growers suffer and many of them have gone BANKRUPT. 7 These examples show how export subsidies affect the economic system between developed and developing countries and demonstrate why they are a danger for poorer countries, creating unfair and unbalanced economic relations.
- en: En faillite
- break even
- Phrase
- Reach a point in a business venture when the profits are equal to the costs.
- Example: (See break-even analysis spreadsheet) Below are the sales needed to reach BREAK EVEN: These sales amount to £103,294, so certain leeway can be given to each group, as long as this target is reached.
- en: seuil de rentabilité
- Broker
- Noun
- A person who buys and sells goods or assets for others
- Example: If the EP or the Council reject the other's position, a conciliation committee, consisting of representatives from both institutions with the Commission as BROKER, tries to reach a compromise, which can achieve absolute majority in the EP and qualified majority in the Council.
- en: Courtière
- Capital structure
- Phrase
- the specific mix of long-term debt, equity, and sometimes preferred stock a company uses to finance its operations, growth, and assets
- Example: In contrast, the industrial strategy in Germany was very successful in stimulating growth as the Nazi's created a 'private capital market' (Overy 1996:42) to ensure funds flowed where they wanted and to extend their formal control over the banking and CAPITAL STRUCTURE.
- en: structure du capital
- cash flow
- Phrase
- The amount of money the company has on hand to pay of its operating expenses.
- Example: Life Span, Replacements & Terminal Value If the projects are found to have different life spans then conduct further analysis using either the 'equivalent annual CASH FLOW' method.
- en: des flux de trésorerie
- deduction
- Noun
- Fixed amount or percentage permitted by taxation authorities that a tax payer can subtract from his or her adjusted gross income to arrive at the taxable income.
- Example: The shareholders' funds however, a measure of the net worth of the company, has halved due to the DEDUCTION of the FRS 17 pension deficit of £41.3m.
- en: déduction
- downsizing
- Noun
- Making a company smaller by eliminating staff positions through lay-offs
- Example: Conventional discussions found in media and political debates usually focus on the direct effects of the components of the three factors that are more visible from the domestic perspective, such as the number of jobs created by inward FDI, the number of jobs lost in the layoffs accompanying corporate 'DOWNSIZING' and 'outsourcing,' and the competition with the imports from low-wage counties and foreign immigrant.
- en: réduction des effectifs
- firm
- Noun
- A business organization, such as a corporation, limited-liability company or partnership.
- Example: Jolly SU is one of only two firms in the market yet to have a product in the Vodite market. FIRM 'E' produced the first Vodite in period four and FIRM 'O' then followed suit in period 5.
- en: firme
- goodwill
- noun
- An intangible, salable asset arising from the reputation of a business and its relations with its customers, distinct from the value of its stock and other tangible assets.
- Example: Secondly, the financing of intangible investments, such as market research and advertising, enables small firms to establish the enterprise's 'GOODWILL'.
- en: bonne volonté
- joint venture
- Phrase
- A way of entering a foreign market by joining with a foreign company to manufacture or market a product or service
- Example: Appendix Why would a company choose to enter an international JOINT VENTURE?
- en: coentreprise
- overdraft
- noun
- A deficit in a bank account caused by drawing more money than the account holds.
- Example: Thus, because of the importance of cash position in a business, managers often plans cash movements in advance, which enable them to be confident of adequate cash, or to have enough time
- en: découvert
- retailer
- noun
- A business or person that sells goods to the consumer, as opposed to a wholesaler or supplier, who normally sell their goods to another business.
- Example: They developed into a more marketing oriented firm becoming a 'lifestyle RETAILER' using customers as their main driving force for development and production.
- en: détaillante
- shareholder
- Noun
- One that owns or holds a share or shares of stock.
- Example: It is a healthy and growing company based on the high return in SHAREHOLDER's fund of 120%.
- en: actionnaire
- survey
- Noun
- To ask a series of questions in order to gather information about what most people do or think about something.
- Example: If available, aerial photography or satellite images would help to raise the precision of information in the SURVEY, although the detail analysis on specific tree species may be technically difficult since the canopy structure of Celtis sinensis , Quercus actissima and Quercus serrata and other co-existing tree species may be sometimes similar. Overall, this frame quadrats technique is usually used in the related SURVEY in the past (Kitahara,. et a l. 2004) with which the comparison of data is possible, and therefore, recommended.
- en: enquête
- trend
- Noun
- A general direction in which something is developing or changing.
- Example: They include: - Reverse in market TREND - Strategic change - Unforeseen events A wider range of factors are evaluated and a SWOT analysis of the project is produced.
- en: s'orienter
- venture
- Noun
- A risky undertaking.
- Example: However, the extent of control that the foreign partner attempts to exercise may limit the autonomy and flexibility of the IJV and its local management, hindering the VENTURE's ability to respond to local market demands and generating a level of transaction costs that may offset the strategy's potential benefits. (Geringeral. 1989) After IJV dissolution Exit strategy : By their nature, many joint ventures have a finite life.
- en: aventure
- viral marketing
- Phrase
- The internet version of word-of-mouth marketing - email messages that customers pass on to friends.
- Example: No example
- en: marketing viral
- warranty
- Noun
- A written guarantee, issued to the purchaser of an article by its manufacturer, promising to repair or replace it if necessary within a specified period of time.
- Example: These include the implications of WARRANTY's and after sales service, which must continue for the contracted period.
- en: garantie
- wholesale
- Noun
- The sale of goods in large quantities, as for resale by a retailer
- Example: It operates by outsourcing 56% of product lines through its strategic alliance with Nisa Today's, the UK's largest buying group for independent retail and WHOLESALE companies.
- en: vente en gros
- withdraw
- Noun
- Take money from a bank account.
- Example: During a TRANSACTION: The ADD or WITHDRAW button is pressed.
- en: retirer